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OT: Virulent TB Strain |
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England
TB Alert At School
A PUPIL at a Fylde school has been struck down with killer bug tuberculosis.
The boy - a pupil at Baines High in Poulton - was diagnosed with the disease after visiting his GP.
Other pupils and staff who have come into close contact with the boy will now immediately be screened for TB while his family and relatives have already been tested. More than 100 children in his entire group - believed to be Year 11 - will be skin tested in January. Letters have now been sent to every parent at the school explaining if their child may have been affected and if they need to be skin tested. Headteacher Roddy McCowan said: "We are working with the Primary Care Trust (PCT) in contacting all the parents or guardians of pupils of the school to give them details of the situation and also supporting staff who may need to be screened for infection." Health bosses say tuberculosis - known as TB - is infectious but insisted the threat of transmission is "extremely low". The affected pupil - who had been feeling unwell - was diagnosed by his GP this week. He is recovering at home and will have to take antiobiotics for around six months but is expected to make a full recovery. The specialist TB nursing service will advise when he can return to school. The results of the individual tests will be read three days later. The health scare at Baines comes just a year after TB jabs were axed from schools across the Fylde coast. Dr Steven Gee, consultant in public health at the Health Protection Agency, said: "TB is not particularly infectious and is quite difficult to contract, for example you would need very close contact such as being seated next to an infectious person on an aircraft for over 8 hours in order to potentially become infected. "We do take every case of TB very seriously and always actively screen people who may have been in close contact with an infectious person. It is important to remember that TB is a very treatable disease and infected persons can be completely cured following treatment. The biggest danger to health from TB is not seeking treatment." In July 2005, TB jabs were scrapped at Fylde schools so funds could be released to tackle the growing problem of the disease in UK hotspot areas. Rather than vaccinating all youngsters at 13, which was the case, the system now targets those at high risk, including babies and pensioners. The Gazette revealed last month that numbers of cases of TB - once the biggest killer disease in the UK - were on the rise. Some 31 people across the Fylde had been infected up to November this year, compared to 23 in the whole of 2005. The North West as a region saw one of the largest rises in the country - up from 558 to 757. Dr Gee added: "Although TB is not common in the UK it is very common worldwide and is completely treatable. TB can infect any organ in the body but is only infectious when the disease occurs in the lung and symptoms of TB in the lung include a cough, weight loss, night sweats, loss of energy and coughing up blood." Mr McCowan said: "We hope to see the pupil back at school very soon." • PARENTS with further questions or concerns can contact the TB Specialist Nursing Service on (01253) 651736/7. 02 December 2006 http://www.blackpooltoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=62&ArticleID=1910726 |
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After reading the post below , maybe every country should have TB blood screens for people wishing to enter any country .
Kenya: Activists Upset As UK Introduces TB Screening for Visa Applicants
November 30, 2006 Nairobi TB is the most frequent opportunistic infection in HIV-positive people AIDS activists in Kenya are calling for the United Kingdom (UK) to repeal a recent decision to introduce tuberculosis screening for Kenyans applying to enter the UK for more than six months. "We should all fight the disease as an international community, and not victimise poor countries," Dr Ignatius Kibe, a leading advocate for treatment access in Kenya, said at a press conference this week. The British High Commission announced on 24 November that visa applicants from countries with a high TB-burden, including China, South Africa and Zimbabwe, would be required to undergo a TB test, to be administered locally by the International Organisation for Migration (IOM). Applicants found to be infected could re-apply for entry once they had been treated and cleared of the disease.Kenya is ranked 10th on the United Nations World Health Organisation's list of 22 countries that bear 80 percent of the world's TB burden, and about 60 percent of TB patients in Kenya are co-infected with the HI virus. TB is the most frequent opportunistic infection in HIV-positive people, and the leading cause of death.Kibe said an estimated 13 Kenyans died from TB every hour, despite the fact that the disease was preventable and treatable.The new visa requirements were made soon after a report by the UK's Health Protection Agency (HPA) on migrant health, which found that the TB, malaria and HIV epidemics in the UK were occurring mainly in migrant populations.According to a 2005 BBC study, 'Born Abroad', Kenya was eighth most frequently given by immigrants as their country of birth. The activists said the TB screening requirement would stigmatise Kenyans visiting the UK and could potentially hurt the country's economy."This has been all over the UK press and so we have to think about the impact on tourism," said Patrick Bertrand, a partner of the health NGO, Global Health Advocates.After the release of the HPA con'thttp://allafrica.com/stories/200612010010.html |
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USA TB
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Back to Africa .....................
Angola: Bie - Over 50 Die of Tuberculosis in Sanatorium Hospital December 29, 2006 Kuito A total of 52 people died of tuberculosis this year in the sanatorium hospital of Bie, Angola's central province, Angop learned Friday in Kuito from local health authorities. According to the hospital's director general, Fernanda Rafael, 715 new cases of tuberculosis were recorded in the said period, of which 445 got healed, while 14 fled the hospital Currently, there are 356 patients in the hospital, 70 of which are taking intensive care and 286 are receiving ambulatory treatment. http://allafrica.com/stories/200612290833.html |
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.
READ IN Full Here................
Volume 13, Number 3–March 2007ResearchWorldwide Emergence of Extensively Drug-resistant TuberculosisN. Sarita Shah,*1 Abigail Wright,† Gill-Han Bai,‡2 Lucia Barrera,§2 Fadila Boulahbal,¶2 Nuria Martín-Casabona,#2 Francis Drobniewski,**2 Chris Gilpin,††2 Marta Havelková,‡‡2 Rosario Lepe,§§2 Richard Lumb,¶¶2Beverly Metchock,*2 Françoise Portaels,##2 Maria Filomena Rodrigues,***2 Sabine Rüsch-Gerdes,†††2 Armand Van Deun,##2 Veronique Vincent,‡‡‡2,3 Kayla Laserson,* Charles Wells,* and J. Peter Cegielski* Suggested citation for this article Abstract ...........
ResultsWe received data for 18,462 patients from 14 (61%) of 23 eligible SRLs. We excluded those patients tested before 2000 (n = 223), tested after 2004 (n = 14), or tested for resistance to <3 classes of second-line drugs (n = 535). Our final study sample consisted of 17,690 patients whose isolates were tested for resistance to >3 second-line drugs during 2000–2004 (Figure 2). Of these, 11,939 (67.5%) patients were from the Republic of Korea and 5,751 (32.5%) were from the remaining SRLs. First-line–Drug SusceptibilityAmong isolates from patients from the 13 SRLs other than the Republic of Korea, 3,765 (65.5%) were resistant to >1 first-line TB drug (Table 1). Of these, 3,305 (58.5%) were resistant to at least INH and 2,345 (41.5%) were resistant to at least RIF. Among isolates from the Republic of Korea patients, 2,508 (21%) had resistance to any drug; most (n = 2,196; 18.4%) were resistant to INH. Single-drug resistance was found for isolates from 884 (15.4%) patients from the 13 SRLs; 456 (8.1%) of these were resistant to INH and 99 (1.8%) to RIF. Among isolates from patients from the Republic of Korea, 952 (8%) displayed single-drug resistance, 666 (5.6%) to INH and 148 (1.2%) to RIF. Polyresistance other than MDR TB was seen for isolates from 651 (11.5%) patients from the 13 SRLs and 258 (2.2%) from the Republic of Korea SRL. Not all SRLs routinely tested for resistance to pyrazinamide. Multidrug resistance (i.e., MDR TB) was present in isolates from 2,222 (39.4%) patients from the 13 SRLs and 1,298 (10.9%) from the Republic of Korea. Resistance to all first-line drugs tested (i.e., MDR TB with additional resistance to ethambutol and streptomycin) was found in isolates from 1,017 (18.6%) patients from the 13 SRLs and 233 (2%) from the Republic of Korea SRL. Second-line–Drug SusceptibilityAmong patients from the 13 SRLs, resistance to aminoglycosides was detected in 489 (8.7%) isolates and to fluoroquinolones in 298 (5.3%) (Table 2). Among isolates from Republic of Korea patients, resistance was most commonly seen to fluoroquinolones (n = 524, 4.4%) and thioamides (n = 259, 2.2%). From all SRLs, isolates that were resistant to at least INH and RIF (i.e., MDR TB; n = 3,520) and tested for susceptibility to >3 second-line drugs were combined for analysis of second-line–drug resistance patterns. Resistance to >1 class of second-line drug was present in 1,542 (43.8%) MDR TB patients (Table 3). The most commonly observed patterns were resistance to aminoglycosides (n = 630, 18.3%), fluoroquinolones (n = 673, 19.3%), and thioamides (n = 605, 19.3%). MDR TB patients whose isolates had further resistance to >3 classes of second-line drugs were classified as XDR TB (Table 3). A total of 347 (9.9%) MDR TB patients met criteria for XDR TB. According to the revised Global XDR TB Task Force definition (www.who.int/mediacentre/news/notes/2006/np29/en/index.html), 234 (6.6%) isolates met criteria for XDR TB. Among XDR TB patients, combination drug-resistance patterns included 90 (3.4%) with resistance to aminoglycosides, capreomycin and fluoroquinolones; 102 (3.4%) with resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and thioamides; and 94 (3.8%) with resistance to fluoroquinolones, thioamides, and para-aminosalicyclic acid. Nearly half (n = 167, 48.1%) of all XDR TB isolates were resistant to all 4 first-line drugs, bringing the total to >7 drugs to which the isolate was resistant. The proportion of XDR TB patients by region is shown in Table 4. Among the group of industrialized nations, 53 (6.5%) MDR TB patients met criteria for XDR TB. Among patients from Russia and Eastern Europe, 55 (13.6%) MDR TB patients met criteria for XDR TB. Among patients from the Republic of Korea, 200 (15.4%) MDR TB patients, who accounted for 1.7% of all M. tuberculosis isolates tested, met criteria for XDR TB. In evaluating the accuracy of second-line–drug susceptibility testing, we found that 7 (0.1%) of 11,426 patients fully susceptible to all first-line drugs were resistant to 2 second-line drugs, and 109 (1%) were resistant to 1 second-line drug. Most of these patients were resistant to fluoroquinolones. DiscussionThis study represents the first assessment of the widespread occurrence of M. tuberculosis with such extensive drug resistance as to be nearly untreatable with currently available drugs, according to international guidelines. We provide data on second-line–drug resistance for the largest sample of patients to date, including >5,000 patients from 47 countries, apart from the Republic of Korea. The definition of XDR TB in this survey is based on WHO guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant TB; the guidelines recommend treatment with >4 drugs known to be effective (15). Therefore, with <3 remaining classes of second-line drugs to which the infecting organism is susceptible, treatment of these patients cannot meet international standards. XDR TB has been detected in all regions of the world. XDR TB strains in this study also have high rates of resistance to pyrazinamide and ethambutol, thereby severely limiting the treatment options available. Analysis of combination second-line–drug resistance patterns is critical for clinicians and policymakers who design treatment regimens for these patients. Although limited data exist in the literature about second-line–drug resistance patterns among MDR TB patients, data from patients undergoing retreatment for TB in Hong Kong showed that 30 (17%) MDR TB isolates were resistant to >3 second-line drugs (17), thereby meeting criteria for XDR TB. A drug-resistance survey of 447 culture-positive new patients and patients undergoing retreatment in Abkhazia, Republic of Georgia, found that of 63 MDR TB patients, 2 (3%) had additional resistance to 3 second-line drug classes, consistent with XDR TB (18). More recently, clusters of XDR TB have been reported in South Africa and Iran (19,20) and have been associated with HIV infection and rapid and high death rates. The emergence of new strains of TB that are resistant to second-line drugs, especially in settings where TB control programs have become unable to adequately monitor treatment regimens for MDR TB, is cause for concern. After the resurgence of TB in industrialized countries during the 1980s and increased awareness of this global problem, implementation of strong TB control programs based on the principles of the global directly observed treatment strategy, short course (DOTS) improved treatment outcomes and reduced TB and MDR TB incidence in several countries. This framework for DOTS, promulgated by WHO, and the pilot MDR TB management projects (DOTS-Plus projects) became the basis for programmatic management of MDR TB, which has demonstrated feasibility and effectiveness in low- and middle-income countries (5,15). However, second-line drugs are available worldwide outside of well-organized TB-control programs (WHO, unpub. data). Improper treatment of drug-resistant TB, such as using too few drugs, relying on poor quality second-line drugs, and failing to ensure adherence to treatment, will likely lead to increases in XDR TB. Strengthening basic TB programs and infection control measures is crucial for preventing the selective pressure and environments in which resistant strains are transmitted from person to person. Additionally, MDR TB programs that rely on quality-assured and internationally recommended treatment regimens according to WHO guidelines must be scaled up and strengthened to stem further second-line–drug resistance and spread of XDR TB. The Green Light Committee provides a global mechanism to help affected countries achieve these steps. A commentary published in 2000 predicted that "failure to institute [the] entire DOTS-Plus package is likely to destroy the last tools available to combat [TB], and may ultimately result in the victory of the tubercle bacillus over mankind" (21). XDR TB is an indirect indicator of program failure to adequately diagnose, prevent, and treat MDR TB. Documenting the emergence of XDR TB requires a laboratory-based diagnosis that relies on first- and second-line–drug susceptibility testing. A limitation to accurate detection of XDR TB is that existing tests for resistance to second-line drugs are not yet standardized and are less reproducible than tests for resistance to INH and RIF. Lack of international recommendations for use, as well as lack of standardization and the historical unavailability of MDR TB treatment in the public sector, has limited use of second-line–drug susceptibility testing on a wider scale. As access to treatment with second-line drugs increases, standardized methods, improved diagnostics, and quality assurance for second-line–drug susceptibility testing are urgently needed to enable reliable testing and design of appropriate treatment regimens. Although internationally accepted methods were used by all laboratories, the precise methods and drug concentrations used varied among participating SRLs (22). Because these SRLs represent some of the most highly performing laboratories on 6 continents, results of drug-susceptibility testing are credible within the context of stated limitations. Initial studies that standardized different methods for second-line–drug susceptibility testing have been completed (23–26), but more are needed. Our study has other limitations. The numbers reported for XDR TB probably represent an underestimate of the true number of cases because not all SRLs and not all national reference laboratories test for all 6 classes of second-line drugs. In the absence of test results for all 6 classes of second-line drugs, we speculate, on the basis of a patient's TB treatment history and known patterns of drug cross-resistance, that many other unidentified patients are likely to have had and died from XDR TB. For example, an MDR TB isolate that is also resistant to an aminoglycoside and a fluoroquinolone but that has not been tested for the other second-line drug classes is very likely to be resistant to an additional second-line drug class for the following reasons: INH and ethionamide have a 15%–20% rate of cross-resistance (27); kanamycin and capreomycin cross-resistance is common, ranging from 20%–60% (CDC, unpub. data) (28,29); and in this study, isolates that were resistant to all 4 first-line drugs as well as an aminoglycoside and a fluoroquinolone were 70%–80% likely to be resistant to at least 1 additional class of second-line drug. Another limitation is that data from most SRLs were drawn from a convenience sample of isolates and reflect referral bias. Thus, these data can not be considered representative of a patient population or region, and actual denominators are difficult to determine. For this reason, although estimates of prevalence are possible, they cannot be generalized to the local or regional population. However, our study is the first to report XDR TB patients in multiple geographic regions; future systematic surveys are needed to determine the true extent of this disease. Data from the Republic of Korea reflect a more comprehensive policy for drug-susceptibility testing and provide an estimate of the population prevalence in this setting. However, the 10.9% rate of MDR TB for the Republic of Korea is higher than rates reported from other national drug resistance surveys and may reflect other unknown referral biases (1). Lastly, we had limited clinical information about each patient because information submitted to each SRL varied and was not reliably available for inclusion in the analysis. Data about TB treatment history, patient age and sex, or HIV status are not routinely collected by all laboratories. Genotyping data were not available to confirm whether XDR TB isolates are related to W variant of the Beijing strain, a highly drug-resistant strain of M. tuberculosis responsible for large nosocomial outbreaks in New York in the early 1990s (30). Despite these limitations, our survey provides the first documentation of the emergence of XDR TB as a serious worldwide public health threat. XDR TB was identified on 6 continents and is significantly associated with worse treatment outcomes than MDR TB (31,32). The emergence of XDR TB, coupled with the increased use of second-line drugs, suggests that urgent measures are needed to improve rational use of quality-assured second-line drugs. In addition, population-based surveillance for second-line–drug susceptibility testing is needed to better describe the magnitude of XDR TB worldwide, track trends, and plan a public health response. Indeed, the convergence of XDR TB with the HIV epidemic may undermine gains in HIV prevention and treatment programs and requires urgent interventions. These interventions include ensuring adherence to recommended international standards of care aimed at promptly and reliably diagnosing TB, ensuring adherence to recommended treatment regimens with demonstrated efficacy, implementing infection control precautions where patients congregate, and improving laboratories' capacity to accurately and rapidly detect drug-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates so that patients can receive effective treatment (33). Other unmet needs include further development of international standards for second-line–drug susceptibility testing, new anti-TB drug regimens, and better diagnostic tests for TB and MDR TB. Such measures are crucial if future generations are to be protected from potentially untreatable TB. Acknowledgments
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excerpt...
Know your Enemy
Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which attack the lungs and destroy the tissues, this destruction might reach blood vessels causing coughing up blood. TB can affect any other part of the body like lymph nodes, bones, kidneys and others but mainly it affects the lungs. Symptoms Loss of appetite and weight.
Tuberculosis is transmitted through air particles infected by TB bacilli from a smear positive patient to a healthy person during coughing , sneezing or spitting. The organism can remain hanged in air several hours ,and infection occurs exactly as common cold occurs i.e through inhalation of these infected air particles. Disease can be transmitted from infected cows through drinking infected non boiled or pasteurized milk . False beliefs Tuberculosis is incurable!! Tuberculosis on the contrary is a curable disease provided that the patient regularly take the prescribed drugs in the fixed period. Treatment of Tuberculosis is expensive!! That's not true as treatment is available free of charge in the Ministry of Health chest clinics , hospitals and Primary Health Care units. Prevention is better than Treatment There is no doubt that prevention is better than treatment, and thesr are some procedure through which we can protect ourselves from getting infected by TB:
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AND TB MARY?
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Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a highly infectious respiratory infection. One-third of the world’s population has been in contact with the pathogen, but approximately 90% of infected persons contain the infection with no overt clinical symptoms (1).
A better understanding of the mechanisms of the host that lead to protective immunity is important to develop novel therapies and vaccines.
The need of functional APCs and T cells in concert with several cytokines and chemokines to initiate an adaptive immunity has been established (2).
The recent discovery of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family has provided new insights on how pathogens recognize and activate innate immune cells and thereby link innate and adaptive immunity (3).
MTB, its cell wall, and secreted components such as 19-kDa lipoprotein, lipomannan, and mannosylated phosphatidylinositol activate macrophages and DCs through TLR2 (4-9), but the contribution of other TLRs or pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) in MTB recognition is not excluded.
Previous in vivo investigations demonstrated that TLR2, TLR4, or TLR6 play no role or only a minor role in the early in vivo host response to MTB infection (10-13), but TLR2 (14) and TLR4 (10) may be required to control the chronic stage of infection. These data suggest a partial redundancy of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR6 or other TLRs that may be involved in MTB-induced cell recognition. Most TLRs, except TLR3, use myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), an intracellular adaptor protein of the IL-1 receptor/IRAK pathway, to link TLR recognition with activation of IRAK and TRAF, translocation of NF-B, and gene transcription (3). Absence of MyD88 resulted in a dramatic reduction of host resistance to several infectious agents (15-21). Here, we investigated the role of MyD88 in the control of MTB infection using MyD88–/– mice and demonstrate an essential role of MyD88 in the host response to an aerogenic infection with H37Rv MTB. MyD88–/– mice succumbed within 4 weeks to acute, necrotic pulmonary MTB infection with uncontrolled bacterial growth despite their ability to mount an adaptive immune response. Interestingly, vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) conferred initial protection to acute MTB infection but did not prevent chronic infection. Therefore, the MyD88 signaling pathway is crucial for the control of MTB infection. in full here....Fatal Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection despite adaptive immune response in the absence of MyD88
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Now Its Reinfection..........
SciDev.Net (London) February 23, 2007 Talent Ngandwe A major shift in TB control strategies could be necessary following a Shanghai study that found that most cases of drug-resistant tuberculosis were caused, not by poor treatment regimes, but by patients being reinfected with a different drug-resistant strain. The discovery counters current thinking â-- that the tuberculosis (TB) bacteria mutates to become drug resistant â-- and suggests that new strategies for controlling the disease are needed. Qian Gao of Shanghai Medical School and colleagues from Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, looked at a group of 32 patients with drug resistant TB. To assess the level of drug susceptibility, they analysed the genetic makeup of Mycobacterium tuberculosis â-- the bacteria that causes the disease â-- in patient samples over five years. They discovered that in the majority of patients, samples taken at the beginning of treatment and during treatment had different genetic makeups, showing that new strains of M.tuberculosis had infected the patients, rather than an existing strain having mutated. The results show that the assumption that poor treatment adherence usually causes drug resistance is false, Gao told SciDev.Net. He said this might drive a major shift in strategy for controlling TB. Multidrug-resistant TB affects over a quarter of treated TB patients in China, where some 1.3 million people are diagnosed every year.
Resistance to drugs can also build up when the initial infecting strain mutates as a result of inappropriately prescribed drugs, or patients fail to follow treatment regimes. The study is published in the March issue of The Journal of Infectious Diseases. Reference: The Journal of Infectious Diseases 195, 864 (2007) |
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Tuberculosis, an airborne disease spread like the common cold, afflicts about 9 million people each year and kills 1.6 million. XDR-TB, a "super bug" which resists three or more classes of second-line tuberculosis drugs, has been identified in 28 countries worldwide, with cases concentrated in the United States, Latvia and South Korea.
uncontrollable .... One word says it all .....
TB strain threatens 'uncontrollable' epidemicTue Mar 6, 2007 6:04PM GMT
By Laura MacInnis
GENEVA, March 6 (Reuters) - Extremely drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis could spark a "practically uncontrollable" epidemic among HIV/AIDS sufferers in areas like Africa, a World Health Organisation (WHO) official said on Tuesday. Mario Raviglione, director of the United Nations agency's Stop TB Department, said health experts needed to ensure a recently discovered strain -- known as XDR-TB -- did not trigger a wave of infections among those with weak immune systems. He said better diagnostic tools and improved health care procedures -- including isolation rooms for those afflicted with the highly contagious bug -- were vital to stop its spread. "If all the elements of good TB control are put in place, we have a chance of taking care of this disease," the Italian doctor said in an interview at the WHO's headquarters. "If we let the situation ... with XDR go out of control, as it might well do, then we are in trouble. All of our gains over the last 10 years in controlling TB would be lost." Tuberculosis, an airborne disease spread like the common cold, afflicts about 9 million people each year and kills 1.6 million. It is normally treatable with antibiotics but drug-resistant strains have emerged in past years, complicating a U.N.-backed drive to stop the spread of the disease by 2015. More than 400,000 people were found in 2004 to have developed "multi-drug resistant" strains that could not be treated with at least two key first-line tuberculosis drugs, with most cases in China, India and Russia. XDR-TB, a "super bug" which resists three or more classes of second-line tuberculosis drugs, has been identified in 28 countries worldwide, with cases concentrated in the United States, Latvia and South Korea. In South Africa, the XDR strain has killed nearly 200 people since September, mainly HIV patients unable to fend it off. Raviglione said the strain could cause widespread deaths among those with HIV/AIDS, given their susceptibility to tuberculosis and the difficulty in treating it. "Either we intervene rapidly to stop the spread of this strain, or you could foresee in the future that this strain would replace the other one," he said. "That would make it practically uncontrollable." New antibiotics and drugs to fight XDR-TB could take more than five years to reach the market, Raviglione said, so countries needed to boost their laboratory capacities to quickly identify which patients have drug-resistant TB strains. "In South Africa they are capable, that is why they discovered it. But we don't know what's happening in Mozambique, in Lesotho, in Swaziland, in Zimbabwe," he said, noting it was possible the strain was more widespread in the region. Africa accounted for most of the world's tuberculosis deaths in 2004, followed by southeast Asia, according to WHO data. |
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March 24 - World TB Day March 24 - World TB Day
23.03.2007 18:22 Author: Asia-Plus New WHO report highlights the urgency of tuberculosis (TB) control reforms in eastern Europe. The WHO Regional Office for Europe and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) call on governments in eastern Europe, including those of members of the European Union, to accelerate reforms in their TB control practices. These reforms are needed to prevent thousands of deaths each year and to halt the spread of dangerous drug-resistant TB strains across the WHO European Region. Scientific seminar at European Parliament to outline key c******enges The call supports key findings in the WHO global TB control report for 2007 (http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/), which will be presented this afternoon in a scientific seminar at the European Parliament. This and other public events across the Region will mark World TB Day, 24 March. The WHO report confirms that good progress has been made in recent years to curb the TB pandemic at the global level, and that benchmark targets set for 2005 were nearly achieved. The European Region, however, fell far short of these targets, with the lowest detection rate of infectious TB cases under the internationally recommended Stop TB Strategy, and the highest level of treatment failure. As a result, multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is now estimated to account for 15% of all new TB cases in the Baltic states, eastern Europe and central Asia: a rate three times higher than that of any other region in the world. “Drug resistance is the clearest indicator we have of poor TB control,” said Dr Marc Danzon, WHO Regional Director for Europe. “If health systems are not strong enough and organized adequately to respond to needs and if our Member States do not make a greater commitment to reforming their control practices in line with international standards, progress against TB will be limited and the disease will continue to pose a serious threat to European citizens.” According to the WHO report, there were 445 000 TB cases and 66 000 deaths in the European Region in 2005, the latest year for which data are available. Nearly three quarters of these cases occurred in six countries: Kazakhstan, Romania, the Russian Federation, Turkey, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. There were 14 000 new TB cases among HIV-positive adults, whose weakened immune systems make them especially vulnerable, and 70 000 cases of MDR-TB. IFRC Secretary General Markku Niskala said that civil-society and community-based organizations could help health ministries strengthen TB control services, pointing to the positive experience of the Russian Federation. “For the past several years, Russian Red Cross volunteers have supported thousands of TB outpatients in priority regions of the Russian Federation through the course of their six to eight months of treatment,” said Mr Niskala. “Their support has greatly improved treatment compliance by TB patients, which has increased cure rates, saved lives and prevented the development of drug resistance. These combined benefits are so convincing that local authorities are now co-financing the Red Cross activities.” Germany to host European Ministerial Forum to speed action To move TB forward on European policy agendas, the WHO Regional Office for Europe, in collaboration with partners, is organizing a Ministerial Forum, which will be held on 22 October 2007 in Berlin, Germany and hosted by the Federal Ministry of Health. The Forum will be a high-level dialogue among stakeholders in health, development and research, and is expected to produce a declaration outlining political and financial commitments and concrete actions to strengthen TB control and research. The Forum will take place one year after WHO and IFRC established the Stop TB Partnership for Europe, an alliance of 30 leading European agencies and nongovernmental organizations, to forge a more effective response to the TB epidemic in Europe. The regional alliance operates under the umbrella of the global Stop TB Partnership and promotes full funding and implementation of its Global Plan to Stop TB 2006–2015.[1] The Regional Office web site offers further information on TB (http://www.euro.who.int/tuberculosis), including drug-resistant strains (http://www.euro.who.int/Document/TUB/XDR_TB_fact_sheet.pdf) and treatment and control strategies (http://www.euro.who.int/Document/TUB/TB_fact_sheet.pdf). March 24 - World TB Day |
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