Transplant-damaging virus comes into focus

University of Leeds

Researchers from the University of Leeds have revealed the structure of a virus which affects kidney and bone marrow transplant patients in near-atomic levels of detail for the first time.

This detailed information serves as a molecular-level structural visualisation, allowing scientists to study several potential targets for antiviral therapies or drugs.

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IMAGE: The structure of the BK Polyomavirus produced by the Astbury Centre researchers at the University of Leeds. https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/168988.php" rel="nofollow - view

"These may include drugs which block BKV from entering our cells or which prevent proper assembly of the virus particle. Going forward, these structures may also be used to identify how antibodies from patients with other diseases recognise the BKV virus particle and thus aid in the development of a vaccine."

About 80% of the world's adult population is infected with BKV, but the virus rarely causes illness in people with a healthy immune system. However, in immunocompromised individuals, BKV can 'reactivate' and cause serious diseases.

Two such examples of BKV-associated diseases are polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PVAN) and haemorrhagic cystitis (HC) which affect kidney and bone marrow transplant recipients respectively.

Around 10% of people who receive a kidney transplant will suffer from PVAN and up to 90% of these will go on to have their transplant organs rejected. At present, there are limited treatment options available for individuals suffering from BKV associated diseases.

The new structures will give hope to sufferers, by giving scientists a better-quality research tool to work with.

The structures were created using the cryo-electron microscopy method, by freezing infectious BKV particles and taking thousands of images using the microscopes. These two-dimensional images were then combined computationally to produce a high-resolution, three-dimensional view of the virus.

Professor Neil Ranson, Director of Cryo-Electron Microscopy at the University of Leeds, said: "Cryo-electron microscopy has been around for 30 years and has been incredibly useful, but until recently the technology lacked the ability to routinely look at molecules at the level of detail needed.

"Without that detail, scientists sometimes struggled to understand the structure of biological molecules and how they function, especially when they are in their normal workplace: inside our cells.

"However, the Titan Krios microscopes we have installed in Leeds are absolutely state-of-the-art, and mean that these limitations have been shattered. Researchers and industry users who work with us can now image biological molecules with an incredible resolution. Crucially, we'll also be able to see how these molecules interact with each other."

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The BK Polyomavirus structure research was funded by Wellcome, Kidney Research UK and Kidney Research Yorkshire.

Journalists with questions or interview requests, or who would like to visit the University's cryo-electron microscopy suite should contact Peter Le Riche in the University of Leeds press office on 0113 343 2049 or email mailto:p.leriche@leeds.ac.uk" rel="nofollow - p.leriche@leeds.ac.uk

Photos and film footage of the microscopes is also available, as is a copy of the BK polyomavirus structure.

The DOI number of the research paper is DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2018.03.019, it will be live after the article is published 12.00pm EST / 5pm UK time on 26 April 2018. 

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