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Oxford Vaccine works perfectly& strong immunity

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    Posted: October 23 2020 at 7:49am

Oxford coronavirus vaccine works 'perfectly' and builds 'strong immunity to virus, researchers find - providing hope to millions and quelling fears that it might only lessen the severity of infections

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8870023/Coronavirus-Oxford-vaccine-works-perfectly-safely-triggering-immune-response.html

https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/13001638/coronavirus-vaccine-oxford-uni-astrazenecca-perfectly-immunity/

https://metro.co.uk/2020/10/23/oxford-coronavirus-vaccine-works-perfectly-and-triggers-strong-immunity-13467677/

https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/13001638/coronavirus-vaccine-oxford-uni-astrazenecca-perfectly-immunity/

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-54573288

https://www.research.ox.ac.uk/Article/2020-07-19-the-oxford-covid-19-vaccine

 Stage 3 safety trial data due to be published in next few weeks.    Been tested in several countries.  Think stage 3 has seen over 30,000 people vaccinated since June and matched with 30,000 placebo.  They are pushing for challenge studies now ( needed also for the ADE effect we talked about in another thread).  They were paid by UK government to mass produce this vaccine before it even went into trials in a gamble,  and they have stockpiled these doses.  They also released the formula to one of India's major vaccine producers who also decided to take the risk and mass produce the product while it was still in trials.  They have stockpiles also leading into millions of doses.  Feeling is that the safety data due may be good as the UK Government, that has a stake in this,  has started spending again.  I know nothing about markets so excuse me if I am wrong.


It really is a vaccine arms race at the moment with 2 real consequences both to the country vaccinating and globally. 

 Once you start vaccinating a population it has to be done efficiently and quickly.  The vaccine will put the virus under a huge selective pressure that it hasn't had in nature yet.  This means that strains that are able to get around the target of the vaccine, may become the dominant strains and  eventually spread vaccine resistance to some ( but not all ) of the vaccines in development.      Many vaccine strategies  have anticipated this and built in antigen targets designed against  essential proteins that the virus needs to replicate. If the virus mutates these it cant live or is sterile and non viable.   Many countries though do not have this and used only a few spike protein proteins.

Will have to see.  I am sure other countries are approaching this stage now and its not just the UK vaccine.   With mass immunisations already taking place in China and Russia, the virus will already be under pressure to evolve, and  other countries will want to get their vaccines out before China and Russia start mass vaccination which could ( not intentionally) push the virus into mutations which render our vaccines useless.

References below.

Hzx

Oxford COVID-19 vaccine follows its programmed genetic instructions, independent analysis finds

A team at Bristol University has used recently developed techniques to validate that the vaccine accurately follows the genetic instructions programmed into it by the Oxford team.

The AstraZeneca Oxford COVID-19 vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and also known as AZD1222) now undergoing Phase III clinical trials, has already undergone rigorous testing to ensure the highest standards of quality and safety. Now a team at Bristol University has used recently developed techniques to further validate that the vaccine accurately follows the genetic instructions programmed into it by the Oxford team. This novel analysis provides even greater clarity and detail about how the vaccine successfully provokes a strong immune response. 

The findings, led by scientists at the University of Bristol and published on the pre-print server ResearchSquare, represent the most in-depth analysis of any of the COVID-19 vaccine candidates, going significantly above and beyond any regulatory requirements anywhere in the world.

Work on the vaccine, developed by researchers at the University of Oxford’s Jenner Institute and Oxford Vaccine Group, began in January 2020. Now undergoing Phase III clinical trials by the University of Oxford and AstraZeneca, the Bristol researchers’ focus was to assess how often and how accurately the vaccine is copying and using the genetic instructions provided by the Oxford team. These instructions detail how to make the spike protein from the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19.

The Oxford vaccine is made by taking a common cold virus (adenovirus) from chimpanzees and deleting about 20 per cent of the virus’s instructions. This means it is impossible for the vaccine to replicate or cause disease in humans, but it can still be produced in the laboratory under special conditions. By removing these genetic instructions there is space to add the instructions for the spike protein from SARS-CoV-2. Once inside a human cell the genetic instructions for the spike protein need to be ’photocopied’ many times – a process known as transcription. In any vaccine system, it is these ’photocopies’ that are directly used to make large amounts of the spike protein.

Once the spike protein is made, the immune system will react to it and this pre-trains the immune system to identify a real COVID-19 infection. So, when the person vaccinated is confronted with the SARS-CoV-2 virus their immune system is pre-trained and ready to attack it.

Adenoviruses have been used for many years to make vaccines, and these are always tested to very high standards to make sure every batch of vaccine has the correct copy of genetic instructions embedded in the vaccine. However, thanks to very recent advances in genetic sequencing and protein analysis technology, researchers at Bristol were for the first time also able to directly check thousands and thousands of the ‘photocopied’ instructions produced by the Oxford vaccine within a cell. In this way they were able to directly validate that the instructions are copied correctly and accurately, providing greater assurance that the vaccine is performing exactly as programmed.

At the same time, the researchers checked the spike protein being made by the vaccine inside human cells also accurately reflects the instructions as programmed. This brand-new approach may be more routinely used in the future to help researchers fine tune the performance of these kinds of vaccines.

Dr David Matthews, Reader in Virology from Bristol's School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (CMM), who led the research, said, 'This is an important study as we are able to confirm that the genetic instructions underpinning this vaccine, which is being developed as fast as safely possible, are correctly followed when they get into a human cell.

'Until now, the technology hasn’t been able to provide answers with such clarity, but we now know the vaccine is doing everything we expected and that is only good news in our fight against the illness.'

The study at Bristol was facilitated with support from Dr Andrew Davidson, Reader in Systems Virology in CMM and Bristol UNCOVER and through key collaborations with Sarah Gilbert, Professor of Vaccinology at the University of Oxford, and AstraZeneca.

Sarah Gilbert, Professor of Vaccinology at the University of Oxford and lead on the Oxford vaccine trial, added, 'This is a wonderful example of cross-disciplinary collaboration, using new technology to examine exactly what the vaccine does when it gets inside a human cell. The study confirms that large amounts of the coronavirus spike protein are produced with great accuracy, and this goes a long way to explaining the success of the vaccine in inducing a strong immune response.'

The study was funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).


https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/13001638/coronavirus-vaccine-oxford-uni-astrazenecca-perfectly-immunity/

https://metro.co.uk/2020/10/23/oxford-coronavirus-vaccine-works-perfectly-and-triggers-strong-immunity-13467677/

https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/13001638/coronavirus-vaccine-oxford-uni-astrazenecca-perfectly-immunity/

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-54573288

https://www.research.ox.ac.uk/Article/2020-07-19-the-oxford-covid-19-vaccine

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