Tracking the next pandemic: Avian Flu Talk |
measles and "immune amnesia" |
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EdwinSm,
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Posted: November 16 2021 at 11:54pm |
Another reason to get children vaccinated.
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20211112-the-people-with-immune-amnesia |
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Dutch Josh
Adviser Group Joined: May 01 2013 Location: Arnhem-Netherla Status: Offline Points: 95387 |
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[url]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34129794/[/url] or https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34129794/ ...good find-bad news...; AbstractIt has been recently discovered that the measles virus can damage pre-existing immunological memory, destroying B lymphocytes and reducing the diversity of non-specific B cells of the infected host. In particular, this implies that previously acquired immunization from vaccination or direct exposition to other pathogens could be partially erased in a phenomenon named 'immune amnesia', whose effects can become particularly worrisome given the actual rise of anti-vaccination movements. Here, we present the first attempt to incorporate immune amnesia into standard models of epidemic spreading by proposing a simple model for the spreading of two concurrent pathogens causing measles and another generic disease. Different analyses confirm that immune amnesia can have important consequences for epidemic spreading, significantly altering the vaccination coverage required to reach herd immunity. We also uncover the existence of novel propagating and endemic phases induced by immune amnesia. Finally, we discuss the meaning and consequences of our results and their relation with, e.g. immunization strategies, together with the possibility that explosive types of transitions may emerge, making immune-amnesia effects particularly dramatic. This work opens the door to further developments and analyses of immune-amnesia effects, contributing also to the theory of interacting epidemics on complex networks. DJ If some variants of CoViD could bring forms of immune amnesia we get into even more problems.... [url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles ; PathophysiologyOnce the measles virus gets onto the mucosa, it infects the epithelial cells in the trachea or bronchi.[56][57] Measles virus uses a protein on its surface called hemagglutinin (H protein), to bind to a target receptor on the host cell, which could be CD46, which is expressed on all nucleated human cells, CD150, aka signaling lymphocyte activation molecule or SLAM, which is found on immune cells like B or T cells, and antigen-presenting cells, or nectin-4, a cellular adhesion molecule.[56][58] Once bound, the fusion, or F protein helps the virus fuse with the membrane and ultimately get inside the cell.[56] As the virus is a single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus, it includes the enzyme RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) which is used to transcribe its genome into a positive-sense mRNA strand.[56] After entering a cell, it is ready to be translated into viral proteins, wrapped in the cell's lipid envelope, and sent out of the cell as a newly made virus.[59] Within days, the measles virus spreads through local tissue and is picked up by dendritic cells and alveolar macrophages, and carried from that local tissue in the lungs to the local lymph nodes.[56][57] From there it continues to spread, eventually getting into the blood and spreading to more lung tissue, as well as other organs like the intestines and the brain.[26][56] Functional impairment of the infected dendritic cells by the measles virus is thought to contribute to measles-induced immunosuppression.[6] DJ [url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome%E2%80%93related_coronavirus#Genome[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome%E2%80%93related_coronavirus#Genome ; The SARS-related coronavirus is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Its genome is about 30 kb, which is one of the largest among RNA viruses. The virus has 14 open reading frames which overlap in some cases.[18] The genome has the usual 5′ methylated cap and a 3′ polyadenylated tail.[19] There are 265 nucleotides in the 5'UTR and 342 nucleotides in the 3'UTR.[18] DJ Can measles and CoViD mix ????? |
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We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.
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carbon20
Moderator Joined: April 08 2006 Location: West Australia Status: Offline Points: 65816 |
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Thanks Edwin,that is really interesting ....... Scary but interesting.... Take care all 😷😉💉 |
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Everything we hear is an opinion, not a fact. Everything we see is a perspective, not the truth.🖖
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Technophobe
Assistant Admin Joined: January 16 2014 Location: Scotland Status: Offline Points: 88450 |
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One of the problems with medical statistics is that you can't get an answer to questions you have not asked yet and the need to conduct a survey takes time to be noticed. As we age our immune systems get weaker and that is why so many more older people get seriously ill from COVID. COVID is a coronavirus, as we all know, and coronaviruses are one of the causes of the common cold. It is possible that our immune memory of these related infections (Who has not had a cold?) offers us a modicum of protection against COVID, which then wanes over time like the protection from the vaccine itself or even post infection with COVID. For the last couple of decades there has been a great deal of vaccine avoidance of the MMR vaccine, so many more children get measles now. I can't help but wonder, how many of the serious COVID cases in children, which are unusual, are due to this loss of immune memory. That would tally with the journal extract Josh published here, but could be another nasty effect of the vaccine avoidance misinformation. |
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carbon20
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Well thought out techno..... I'm just amazed at this news,it's so interesting that a virus , measles in this case can do this ...... Makes me so thankful that my Mom had me vaccinated 60 odd yrs ago It also strengthens my opinion on vaccines JUST GET VACCINATED....... TAKE CARE ALL 😷😉💉 |
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Everything we hear is an opinion, not a fact. Everything we see is a perspective, not the truth.🖖
Marcus Aurelius |
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Usk
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https://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/history.html That would be unusual because first vaccine for measles was not available until 1963 Oh by the way if you have grandchildren they recommend getting a booster |
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carbon20
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I never had measles vaccine as a child,I had German measles,that covers me for life, What I was vaccinated for was below ,still have mark of injection site ,mom tells me we where the first kids in the street to be vaccinated,our family has always believed in science......well some of them ,others don't..... They seem to forget how many lives they have saved , In the early 1950s there were four vaccines routinely used in the United States: diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and smallpox. Three of these vaccines (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) were combined into a single shot (DTP). ... Tables. |
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Everything we hear is an opinion, not a fact. Everything we see is a perspective, not the truth.🖖
Marcus Aurelius |
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badger2
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But measles vaccine is not mRNA vaccine. One caveat is to be suspicious of the thrombotic symptoms breaking through mRNA, such as thrombocytopenia, as if the cells producing the spikes are clogging up the pipes. Then too, five years of age is pushing the envelope. Cerebral Palsy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_palsy ’....Rubella....Micrograph: fetal (placental) vein thrombosis in a case of fetal thrombotic vasculopathy. ....symptoms and diagnosis typically occur by 2 years of age, though persons with milder forms of CP may be over the age of 5, if not into adulthood when finally diagnosed.’ How can transplacental transmission of coronaviruses be well documented when the source of SARS-CoV-2 is unknown? Homo sapiens immune system doesn’t mature until five years of age, sometimes not until 12 years of age. Fetal Thrombotic Vasculopathy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_thrombotic_vasculopathy Gestational Hypertension https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestational_hypertension ‘....Pre-Eclampsia: low platelet count, increased liver enzymes....’ AST as an increased liver enzyme would link to increased potential for breast cancer in the Japan-Brazil P.1 variant mutation at position 17 of the spike protein: N (asparagine). Yes, putting anti-freeze in the mRNA vaccine could be a good idea if the pipes get compromised for circulation. Gamma Variant Hyperglycosylation / Breast Cancer https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34765306 ’....wild type: TRT; alpha: TRT; Beta: TRT; Gamma: NRT....more significant epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition potential.’ How is it possible to have gaps in knowledge about a coronavirus? How is it possible to treat a masked palm civet suffering from scabies with Selamectin, then get amnesia about testing ivermectin in the civet infected with SARS-CoV? |
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Badger2
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badger2
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What a funky thread. |
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Badger2
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Technophobe
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[It seems I am not the only person thinking that previous coronavirus infection confers some immunity to COVID19.] Good news: Common cold may protect against COVID-19A new study has suggested that previous common cold infections may help protect against COVID-19. The study, carried out by University College London and published in the journal Nature, tracked more than 750 healthcare staff who were working closely with COVID patients and likely exposed to the virus on a regular basis. A group of 58 of the participants never tested positive for COVID despite repeated exposure to patients who had the virus. Blood samples were taken from all participants, but the 58 who tested negative throughout were found to have higher levels of immune cells, called T-cells, in their blood than healthcare workers who got COVID. These T-cells are the part of the immune system that act as memory cells, able to recognise specific invaders when they appear in the body. The researchers think these specific T-cells halt SARS-CoV-2 by disabling a cluster of viral proteins called the replication transcription complex, which helps the virus to reproduce. They found that these T-cells were present in blood samples collected before the pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 virus belongs to the family of viruses known as coronaviruses, of which there are many. The hypothesis is that these T-cells were most likely generated by previous coronavirus infections that were not the SARS-CoV-2 virus – the most likely being the coronaviruses that cause the common cold. |
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How do you tell if a politician is lying?
His lips or pen are moving. |
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carbon20
Moderator Joined: April 08 2006 Location: West Australia Status: Offline Points: 65816 |
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During the Spanish flu ,50%of people came down with H1N1 25%of thoses died...... Which means 50% of the population had some sort of immunity,which has always been the case in pandemic, some have always survived , However, knowing if you are immune or not is the trick...... I have some immunity from covid because I've been vaccinated..... Not rocket science... Take care all 😷😉💉 |
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Everything we hear is an opinion, not a fact. Everything we see is a perspective, not the truth.🖖
Marcus Aurelius |
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Dutch Josh
Adviser Group Joined: May 01 2013 Location: Arnhem-Netherla Status: Offline Points: 95387 |
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[url]https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/1918-pandemic-h1n1.html[/url] or https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/1918-pandemic-h1n1.html ; It is estimated that about 500 million people or one-third of the world’s population became infected with this virus. The number of deaths was estimated to be at least 50 million worldwide with about 675,000 occurring in the United States. DJ In rich countries the mortality was much lower...at least for the rich...in better condition. Since travel in this part of World War 1 was mostly military some regions may not have seen the virus at that time.... [url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H1N1[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H1N1 ; The 1918 flu was an unusually severe and deadly strain of H1N1[6] avian influenza, a viral infectious disease, that killed some 17[7] to 50 or more million people worldwide over about a year in 1918 and 1920. It was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history. The 1918 flu caused an abnormally high number of deaths, possibly due to it provoking a cytokine storm in the body.[8][9] (The current H5N1 bird flu, also an Influenza A virus, has a similar effect.)[10] After the 1918 flu infected lung cells it frequently led to overstimulation of the immune system via release of cytokines (a protein that invokes the immune response) into the lung tissue. This leads to extensive leukocyte migration towards the lungs, resulting in the destruction of lung cells and secretion of blood and mucus into the alveoli and airways. This makes it difficult for the patient to breathe and can result in suffocation. In contrast to other pandemics, which mostly kill the old and the very young, the 1918 pandemic killed unusual numbers of young adults, which may have been due to their healthy immune systems mounting a too-strong and damaging response to the infection.[11] DJ H1N1 did not "start" in 1918...one possible reason for that many young people dying could be in older people (as far as there were any...life expectency was often 40-50 years...) did get earlier exposure to H1N1. Flu-virusses mutate, so does CoViD...immunity via vaccination is "limited" at best...In this phase of this pandemic immunity via vaccination still doing a good job-in general. However false overexpectations on vaccines did start an even worse wave... |
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We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.
~Albert Einstein |
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