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Now tracking the new emerging South Africa Omicron Variant

Marburg in Equatorial Guinea

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Dutch Josh View Drop Down
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote Dutch Josh Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Topic: Marburg in Equatorial Guinea
    Posted: February 16 2023 at 11:37pm

Wikipedia is fast; [url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Marburg_virus_disease_outbreak_in_Equatorial_Guinea[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Marburg_virus_disease_outbreak_in_Equatorial_Guinea ;

An outbreak of an unidentified illness was first reported on 7 February 2023 and linked to people who took part in a funeral ceremony in Kié-Ntem province's Nsok-Nsomo district. Eight deaths were reported by 10 February 2023, prompting a local lockdown, while Cameroon introduced border restrictions. Reported symptoms included nose bleeds, fever, joint pain and other ailments.[3]

On 13 February 2023, the World Health Organization and Equatorial Guinea's health ministry announced that one of the samples sent to the Pasteur Institute laboratory in Senegal had tested positive for Marburg virus.[4] At that time, there were 25 suspected cases, including 9 deaths. The condition of the confirmed case was not reported.[1]

Neighbouring Cameroon detected two suspected cases of Marburg virus disease on 13 February 2023.[5], but they were later ruled out.[6]

DJ [url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Marburg_virus_disease_outbreak_in_Guinea[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Marburg_virus_disease_outbreak_in_Guinea ;

In July 2021, one person tested positive for Marburg virus disease in Gueckedou district, Guinea. No other cases were found and the outbreak was declared over in September. The only case died.[1]

Could the 2021 case have some sort of link with the 2023 outbreak ? 

In 2021 [url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%A9ck%C3%A9dou[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%A9ck%C3%A9dou 

In 2023 [url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%A9-Ntem[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%A9-Ntem ...well two different countries....Equatorial Guinea and Guinea are hundreds of milies from eachother...

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Dutch Josh View Drop Down
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote Dutch Josh Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: February 15 2023 at 10:05pm

[url]https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/marburg-virus-news-marburg-crisis-escalates-as-virus-now-spreads-to-cameroon-suspected-cases-reported-in-gabon-and-republic-of-congo[/url] or https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/marburg-virus-news-marburg-crisis-escalates-as-virus-now-spreads-to-cameroon-suspected-cases-reported-in-gabon-and-republic-of-congo 

Equatorial Guinea 9 deaths +200 at ICU

Cameroon 2 cases confirmed (16 y/o man and woman), 42 people contact traced

Gabon 5 suspected cases

Republic of Congo 3 suspected cases

[url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marburg_virus_disease#Epidemiology[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marburg_virus_disease#Epidemiology has now 27 confirmed cases, 9 deaths for 2023. 

Only in 1998-2000 Democratic Republic of Congo; 154 cases-128 deaths CFR 83% and 2004/5 Angola 252 cases, 227 deaths CFR 90% were worse. 

[url]https://flutrackers.com/forum/forum/africa/africa-all-other-diseases/968429-equatorial-guinea-quarantines-200-after-about-8-unknown-hemorrhagic-fever-deaths-february-10-2023-marburg-virus-disease-outbreak-confirmed?view=stream[/url] or https://flutrackers.com/forum/forum/africa/africa-all-other-diseases/968429-equatorial-guinea-quarantines-200-after-about-8-unknown-hemorrhagic-fever-deaths-february-10-2023-marburg-virus-disease-outbreak-confirmed?view=stream 

[url]https://africacdc.org/news-item/press-release-on-marburg-virus-disease-in-equatorial-guinea/[/url] or https://africacdc.org/news-item/press-release-on-marburg-virus-disease-in-equatorial-guinea/ 

DJ, Pandemics in combination with wars is bad...CoViD [url]https://flutrackers.com/forum/forum/-2019-ncov-new-coronavirus/-2019-ncov-studies-research-academia/968715-sars-cov-2-infection-in-a-hippopotamus-hanoi-vietnam-cdc[/url] or https://flutrackers.com/forum/forum/-2019-ncov-new-coronavirus/-2019-ncov-studies-research-academia/968715-sars-cov-2-infection-in-a-hippopotamus-hanoi-vietnam-cdc likely widespread in (African) animals and diseases like Marburg/Ebola in a region do "increase risks"...

[url]https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/marburg/about.html[/url] or https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/marburg/about.html ; The reservoir host of Marburg virus is the African fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus. Fruit bats infected with Marburg virus do not show obvious signs of illness. Primates (including people) can become infected with Marburg virus, which can cause serious illness or death. Further study is needed to determine if other species may also host the virus.

DJ, we did not have that many Marburg cases in the past- only 500 human cases are known since 1967....


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Dutch Josh View Drop Down
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote Dutch Josh Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: February 15 2023 at 12:54am

DJ A Dutch tourist died of Marburg in NL after visiting Uganda in 2008

[url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marburg_virus_disease[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marburg_virus_disease ;

The details of the initial transmission of MVD to humans remain incompletely understood. Transmission most likely occurs from Egyptian fruit bats or another natural host, such as non-human primates or through the consumption of bushmeat, but the specific routes and body fluids involved are unknown. Human-to-human transmission of MVD occurs through direct contact with infected bodily fluids such as blood.[4]

-

The natural maintenance hosts of marburg viruses remain to be identified unequivocally. However, the isolation of both MARV and RAVV from bats and the association of several MVD outbreaks with bat-infested mines or caves strongly suggests that bats are involved in marburg virus transmission to humans. Avoidance of contact with bats and abstaining from visits to caves is highly recommended, but may not be possible for those working in mines or people dependent on bats as a food source.[citation needed]

DJ [url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_Marburg_virus_outbreak[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_Marburg_virus_outbreak ;

The 1967 Marburg virus outbreak was the first recorded outbreak of Marburg virus disease.[1] It started in early August 1967 when 30 people became ill in the West German towns of Marburg and Frankfurt and later two in BelgradeYugoslavia (now Serbia).[2] The infections were traced back to three laboratories in the separate locations which received a shared shipment of infected African green monkeys.[3] The outbreak involved 25 primary Marburg virus infections and seven deaths, and six non-lethal secondary cases.[2]

Outside Africa Marburg-Virus-Disease is supposed to be "less likely" but climate change may change that picture...

Another-for now very likely unanswered question-can pigs, camels, cows catch the virus ? Spread the virus (urine, meat, milk ? A-symptomatic spread ? 








BREAKING: Cameroon reports 2 suspected cases of Marburg virus - Reuters

and [url]https://flutrackers.com/forum/forum/africa/africa-all-other-diseases/968429-equatorial-guinea-quarantines-200-after-about-8-unknown-hemorrhagic-fever-deaths-february-10-2023-marburg-virus-disease-outbreak-confirmed?view=stream[/url] or https://flutrackers.com/forum/forum/africa/africa-all-other-diseases/968429-equatorial-guinea-quarantines-200-after-about-8-unknown-hemorrhagic-fever-deaths-february-10-2023-marburg-virus-disease-outbreak-confirmed?view=stream latest;

Treyfish
Treyfish replied
.....The WHO said it was sending medical experts and protective equipment to help officials in Equatorial Guinea curb the outbreak.

In neighboring Cameroon, suspected cases were detected on Monday in Olamze, a commune on the border with Equatorial Guinea, and the country restricted movement in the region.

“Surveillance in the field has been intensified,” said George Ameh, WHO’s country representative in Equatorial Guinea.

“Contact tracing, as you know, is a cornerstone of the response. We have … redeployed the COVID-19 teams that were there for contact tracing and quickly retrofitted them to really help us out,” Ameh said.


Currently, there are no authorized vaccines or antiviral treatments for the Marburg virus, however, WHO said that survival is improved with supportive care like rehydration with oral or IV fluids.

A number of treatments such as blood products, immune and drug therapies and vaccine candidates are being evaluated.

“We’re working on a 30-day response plan where we should be able to quantify what are the exact measures and quantify what are the exact needs,”
Ameh said....https://nypost.com/2023/02/14/who-ca...��

DJ, WHO hoping to test vaccine, Gabon and other countries in the region prepare for possible cases...

We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.
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Dutch Josh View Drop Down
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote Dutch Josh Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: February 15 2023 at 12:43am

Interesting article from [url]https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/breaking-news-who-convenes-emergency-meeting-after-marburg-virus-outbreak-confirmed-in-equatorial-guinea-with-9-dead-and-many-infected[/url] or https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/breaking-news-who-convenes-emergency-meeting-after-marburg-virus-outbreak-confirmed-in-equatorial-guinea-with-9-dead-and-many-infected also mentioning a vaccine against Marburg-Virus-Disease MVD just may come on "the market"...

[url]https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/marburg-vaccine-shows-promising-results-first-human-study[/url] or https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/marburg-vaccine-shows-promising-results-first-human-study ;

In this study, 40 healthy adult volunteers were enrolled at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Clinical Trials Center in Silver Spring, Maryland. They received a single dose of either a low dose of the vaccine (1x1010 particle units) or a higher dose (1x1011 particle units). For safety, the volunteers were enrolled in a dose-escalation plan. Three participants received the lower dose. Then, when they did not exhibit severe adverse reactions after the first seven days, the trial proceeded to enroll the remaining 17 volunteers. The same procedure was also used for the higher dose group. Volunteers were monitored for adverse reactions to the investigational vaccine and evaluated at regular intervals for 48 weeks to track their immune responses.

The trial’s safety results were encouraging: There were no serious adverse events, and the experimental vaccine was well-tolerated. One participant in the higher dose group developed a fever following vaccination, but it resolved by the following day. In addition, the investigational vaccine appeared to induce strong, long-lasting immunity to the MARV glycoprotein: 95% of participants in the trial exhibited a robust antibody response after vaccination, and 70% maintained that response for more than 48 weeks.

Plans are in place to conduct further trials of the cAd3-Marburg vaccine in Ghana, Kenya, Uganda, and the United States. If additional data supports the promising results seen in the Phase 1 trial, the cAd3-Marburg virus vaccine could someday be used in emergency responses to MARV outbreaks.

DJ, The TMN article mentions sex tourism as a major risk for further spread...Just like Ebola you need direct contact with an infected symptomatic person or infected surfaces...M-pox was supposed also to be of limited risk....[url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_monkeypox_outbreak#Cases_per_country_and_territory[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_monkeypox_outbreak#Cases_per_country_and_territory Official number of cases still under 100,000 but a lot of cases will stay unreported...in the America's dozens of people did die from M-Pox (US 28, Mexico 10, Peru, Brazil 15) so is M-Pox still developing ? 

The TMN article also mentions it did take a lot of time to get samples tested...The outbreak has been going on from before february 7...Very likely other countries by now may have cases...(lots of transport via bus over bad roads...overcrowded boats...on the other hand lots of tourism via planes...). 

[url]https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/marburg-virus-potential-drugs-and-phytochemicals-that-can-be-used-to-prevent-or-treat-marburg-virus-infections-that-warrant-further-studies[/url] or https://www.thailandmedical.news/news/marburg-virus-potential-drugs-and-phytochemicals-that-can-be-used-to-prevent-or-treat-marburg-virus-infections-that-warrant-further-studies 

DJ-Marburg was supposed to be a local/regional problem...so was "M-pox"....

[url]https://flutrackers.com/forum/forum/europe/emerging-diseases-other-health-threats-ad/968626-uk-warns-of-mediterranean-spotted-fever[/url] or https://flutrackers.com/forum/forum/europe/emerging-diseases-other-health-threats-ad/968626-uk-warns-of-mediterranean-spotted-fever ;

Source: https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/do-not...nean-1.6273205

'Do not dismiss it': U.K. infectious disease experts warn of illness transmitted by bug bites in the Mediterranean
Olivia Bowden
CTVNews.ca Writer, Producer
Published Feb. 14, 2023 12:28 p.m. EST

Infectious disease experts in the United Kingdom are highlighting an illness they say is endemic in the Mediterranean basin and are urging for more awareness and early treatment to prevent “severe complications.”

The physicians point to a case of a U.K. man in his 50s who tested positive for the illness, called Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF), after returning home following a trip to the Mediterranean. Their report on the case was published in December in the BMJ,a peer-reviewed medical journal published by the British Medical Association...

DJ..If bug bites would play a role in the spread of Marburg -so far they do not- pattern of spread also may change...We live in crazy times...CoViD did do a lot to human immunity protection...

We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.
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Post Options Post Options   Thanks (0) Thanks(0)   Quote KiwiMum Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: February 14 2023 at 12:55pm
Those who got it wrong, for whatever reason, may feel defensive and retrench into a position that doesn’t accord with the facts.
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