Tracking the next pandemic: Avian Flu Talk |
Genetic damage and Covid19 |
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Dutch Josh
Adviser Group Joined: May 01 2013 Location: Arnhem-Netherla Status: Offline Points: 95777 |
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Posted: July 24 2020 at 11:12pm |
DJ-Men have XY chromosomes. If on the X there is genetic information to deal with fighting infections damage on that one X chromosome may mean men are more likely to get more infected/have less defenses. (Women have XX chromosomes-if one X does have a problem the other X can deal with that.) [url]https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2768926[/url]; Key Points Question Are genetic variants associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in young male patients? Findings In a case series that included 4 young male patients with severe COVID-19 from 2 families, rare loss-of-function variants of the X-chromosomal TLR7 were identified, with immunological defects in type I and II interferon production. Meaning These findings provide insights into the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Abstract Importance Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can occur in younger, predominantly male, patients without preexisting medical conditions. Some individuals may have primary immunodeficiencies that predispose to severe infections caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Objective To explore the presence of genetic variants associated with primary immunodeficiencies among young patients with COVID-19. Design, Setting, and Participants Case series of pairs of brothers without medical history meeting the selection criteria of young (age <35 years) brother pairs admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to severe COVID-19. Four men from 2 unrelated families were admitted to the ICUs of 4 hospitals in the Netherlands between March 23 and April 12, 2020. The final date of follow-up was May 16, 2020. Available family members were included for genetic variant segregation analysis and as controls for functional experiments. Exposure Severe COVID-19. Main Outcome and Measures Results of rapid clinical whole-exome sequencing, performed to identify a potential monogenic cause. Subsequently, basic genetic and immunological tests were performed in primary immune cells isolated from the patients and family members to characterize any immune defects. Results The 4 male patients had a mean age of 26 years (range, 21-32), with no history of major chronic disease. They were previously well before developing respiratory insufficiency due to severe COVID-19, requiring mechanical ventilation in the ICU. The mean duration of ventilatory support was 10 days (range, 9-11); the mean duration of ICU stay was 13 days (range, 10-16). One patient died. Rapid clinical whole-exome sequencing of the patients and segregation in available family members identified loss-of-function variants of the X-chromosomal TLR7. |
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Dutch Josh
Adviser Group Joined: May 01 2013 Location: Arnhem-Netherla Status: Offline Points: 95777 |
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An April 28 study also looked at genetic differences; [url]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7186185/[/url]; COVID-19 pandemic: is a gender-defined dosage effect responsible for the high mortality rate among males?Humankind is currently confronting a new type of coronavirus, and it may take considerable time before the human population and the virus arrive at a mutual equilibrium. The first patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were recorded in December 2019 in China (Zhu et al. 2020), and since then the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally. Other reputed members of the coronavirus family are SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, which caused zoonotic events that resulted in epidemics in 2002 and 2012, respectively (Peiris et al. 2003; Zaki et al. 2012). According to the WHO (22/4/2020), more than 2,400,000 individuals have been infected by SARS-CoV-2, and at least 165,000 have succumbed to the disease (https://covid19.who.int). Most patients with COVID-19 suffer from severe respiratory problems, and elderly people in particular or persons with comorbidities seem to be at greatest risk (Wang et al. 2020). The fatality rates for males are two to three times higher than for females (Porcheddu et al. 2020), but seem to fluctuate depending on the territory and demography of the population. Gender-related social factors, immunological differences, hormonal disparaties, and lifestyle habits such as smoking and alcohol consumption are considered to play a role (Wenham et al. 2020). The vulnerability of the male population with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic may to some extent be a result of gender-defined genetic polymorphisms. At least two coronaviruses use Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 as port of entry (ACE-2) to infect the host (Hoffmann et al. 2020; Kuba et al. 2005). ACE2 plays an important role in controlling blood pressure and regulating cardiac function, and is abundantly present on the epithelial cells of the lung, heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and intestines. Although the gene for ACE2 is located on the female sex chromosome, its location and polymorphisms do not seem to have had a bearing on the poor prognosis for male patients during the SARS-CoV-1 epidemic (Chiu et al. 2004). |
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We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.
~Albert Einstein |
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