[url]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#Signs_and_symptoms[/url] or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#Signs_and_symptoms - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#Signs_and_symptoms ; The term "poliomyelitis" is used to identify the disease caused by any of the three https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serovar" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Serovar - serotypes of poliovirus. Two basic patterns of polio infection are described: a minor illness which does not involve the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_nervous_system" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Central nervous system - central nervous system (CNS), sometimes called abortive poliomyelitis, and a major illness involving the CNS, which may be paralytic or nonparalytic. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [12] Adults are more likely to develop symptoms, including severe symptoms, than children. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-PinkBook2021-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [1] In most people with a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunocompetent" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Immunocompetent - normal immune system , a poliovirus infection is https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subclinical_infection" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Subclinical infection - asymptomatic . In about 25% of cases, the infection produces minor symptoms which may include https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngitis" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Pharyngitis - sore throat and low fever. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-WHO2014-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [3] These symptoms are temporary and full recovery occurs within one or two weeks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-PinkBook2021-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-WHO2014-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [3] In about 1 percent of infections the virus can migrate from the gastrointestinal tract into the central nervous system (CNS). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-PinkBook2021-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [1] Most patients with CNS involvement develop nonparalytic https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aseptic_meningitis" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Aseptic meningitis - aseptic meningitis , with symptoms of headache, neck, back, abdominal and extremity pain, fever, vomiting, stomach pain, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lethargy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Lethargy - lethargy , and irritability. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Chamberlin_2005-13" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [13] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [14] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Late-15" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [15] About one to five in 1000 cases progress to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralytic" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Paralytic - paralytic disease, in which the muscles become weak, floppy and poorly controlled, and, finally, completely paralyzed; this condition is known as https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaccid_paralysis" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Flaccid paralysis - acute flaccid paralysis . https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Henry1-16" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [16] The weakness most often involves the legs, but may less commonly involve the muscles of the head, neck, and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracic_diaphragm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Thoracic diaphragm - diaphragm . https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-PinkBook2021-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [1] Depending on the site of paralysis, paralytic poliomyelitis is classified as spinal, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulla_oblongata" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Medulla oblongata - bulbar , or bulbospinal. In those who develop paralysis, between 2 and 10 percent die as the paralysis affects the breathing muscles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-WHO2014-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalitis" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Encephalitis - Encephalitis , an infection of the brain tissue itself, can occur in rare cases, and is usually restricted to infants. It is characterized by confusion, changes in mental status, headaches, fever, and, less commonly, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seizure" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Seizure - seizures and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spastic_paralysis" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Spastic paralysis - spastic paralysis . https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Encephalitis-17" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [17] - Outcome | Proportion of cases https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-PinkBook2021-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [1] | Outcomes of poliovirus infection in childrenNo symptoms | 72% | Minor illness | 24% | Nonparalytic aseptic meningitis | 1–5% | Paralytic poliomyelitis | 0.1–0.5% | — Spinal polio | 79% of paralytic cases | — Bulbospinal polio | 19% of paralytic cases | — Bulbar polio | 2% of paralytic cases |
DJ...In most cases symptoms may be missing at all (72%) or mild (24%) ...so it will be very easy to believe it is CoViD...CoViD itself may result in weaker immunity so the polio-vaccine-virus may have more chances... Afghanistan and Pakistan still use those (sugar lumb) weakened live polio virus vaccines...Most children do not mind eating some sugar (with the vaccine on it...). Poliomyelitis is caused by infection with a member of the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genus" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Genus - genus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterovirus" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Enterovirus - Enterovirus known as https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliovirus" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Poliovirus - poliovirus (PV). This group of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_virus" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="RNA virus - RNA viruses colonize the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_gastrointestinal_tract" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Human gastrointestinal tract - gastrointestinal tract https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Harrison-18" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [18] – specifically the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oropharynx" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Oropharynx - oropharynx and the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestine" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Intestine - intestine . The incubation time (form the first signs and symptoms) ranges from three to 35 days, with a more common span of six to 20 days. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-PinkBook2021-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [1] PV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Pathogen - infects and causes disease in humans alone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Sherris-19" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [19] Its https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_structure" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Virus structure - structure is quite simple, composed of a single https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense_(molecular_biology)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Sense (molecular biology) - (+) sense https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="RNA - RNA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Genome - genome enclosed in a protein shell called a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsid" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Capsid - capsid . https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Sherris-19" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [19] In addition to protecting the virus' genetic material, the capsid proteins enable poliovirus to infect certain types of cells. Three https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serovar" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Serovar - serotypes of poliovirus have been identified – poliovirus type 1 (PV1), type 2 (PV2), and type 3 (PV3) – each with a slightly different capsid protein. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-20" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [20] All three are extremely https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virulence" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Virulence - virulent and produce the same disease symptoms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Sherris-19" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [19] PV1 is the most commonly encountered form, and the one most closely associated with paralysis. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Ohri-21" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [21] Individuals who are exposed to the virus, either through infection or by https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunization" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Immunization - immunization via polio vaccine, develop https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity_(medical)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Immunity (medical) - immunity . In https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity_(medical)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Immunity (medical) - immune individuals, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IgA" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="IgA - IgA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibodies" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Antibodies - antibodies against poliovirus are present in the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsil" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Tonsil - tonsils and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Gastrointestinal tract - gastrointestinal tract and able to block virus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_replication" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Viral replication - replication ; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_G" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Immunoglobulin G - IgG and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_M" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Immunoglobulin M - IgM antibodies against PV can prevent the spread of the virus to motor neurons of the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_nervous_system" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Central nervous system - central nervous system . https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Kew_2005-22" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [22] Infection or vaccination with one serotype of poliovirus does not provide immunity against the other serotypes, and full immunity requires exposure to each serotype. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Kew_2005-22" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [22] A rare condition with a similar presentation, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterovirus" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Enterovirus - enteroviruses . https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-23" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [23] - Poliomyelitis is highly contagious via the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fecal%E2%80%93oral_route" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Fecal–oral route - fecal–oral (intestinal source) and the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen_transmission#Oral" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Pathogen transmission - oral–oral (oropharyngeal source) routes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Kew_2005-22" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [22] In endemic areas, wild polioviruses can infect virtually the entire human population. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-McGraw-24" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [24] It is seasonal in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_climate" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Temperate climate - temperate climates , with peak transmission occurring in summer and autumn. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Kew_2005-22" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [22] These seasonal differences are far less pronounced in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_climate" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Tropical climate - tropical areas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-McGraw-24" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [24] The time between first exposure and first symptoms, known as the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incubation_period" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Incubation period - incubation period , is usually 6 to 20 days, with a maximum range of 3 to 35 days. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Racaniello-25" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [25] Virus particles are excreted in the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feces" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Feces - feces for several weeks following initial infection. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Racaniello-25" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [25] The disease is https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Transmission (medicine) - transmitted primarily via the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fecal%E2%80%93oral_route" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Fecal–oral route - fecal–oral route , by ingesting contaminated food or water. It is occasionally transmitted via the oral–oral route, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Ohri-21" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [21] a mode especially visible in areas with good sanitation and hygiene. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Kew_2005-22" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [22] Polio is most infectious between 7 and 10 days before and after the appearance of symptoms, but transmission is possible as long as the virus remains in the saliva or feces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Ohri-21" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [21] Factors that increase the risk of polio infection or affect the severity of the disease include https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_deficiency" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Immune deficiency - immune deficiency , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-26" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [26] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malnutrition" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Malnutrition - malnutrition , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-27" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [27] physical activity immediately following the onset of paralysis, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-28" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [28] skeletal muscle injury due to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramuscular_injection" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Intramuscular injection - injection of vaccines or therapeutic agents, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-29" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [29] and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Pregnancy - pregnancy . https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Evans_1960-30" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [30] Although the virus can cross the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placenta" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Placenta - maternal-fetal barrier during pregnancy, the fetus does not appear to be affected by either maternal infection or polio vaccination. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-UK-31" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [31] Maternal antibodies also cross the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placenta" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Placenta - placenta , providing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_immunity" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Passive immunity - passive immunity that protects the infant from polio infection during the first few months of life. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-32" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [32] DJ...so indications are Polio may be spreading north of New York City...earlier "positive Polio sewage samples" showed up in London-UK and Jerusalem-Israel... There may be a link to people not able or willing to get any vaccinations...eventhough the Polio-vaccine-with weakened but still alive polio-virus may be behind it. This polio-story may become more alarming when more polio-cases start showing up...However the mix of CoViD-pandemic and polio-virus is "not welcome"... DJ-I think more sewage samples and at random testing blood/stool for the polio-virus may give better indications on spread. Good information and communication (getting the good info to the right people !) would be very welcome... Since CoViD-symptoms and Polio-symptoms may look similar early intervention can make a difference. There is no https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cure" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Cure - cure for polio, but there are treatments. The focus of modern treatment has been on providing relief of symptoms, speeding recovery and preventing complications. Supportive measures include https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotics" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Antibiotics - antibiotics to prevent infections in weakened muscles, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analgesics" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Analgesics - analgesics for pain, moderate exercise and a nutritious diet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Daniel-63" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [63] Treatment of polio often requires long-term rehabilitation, including https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_therapy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Occupational therapy - occupational therapy , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_therapy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Physical therapy - physical therapy , braces, corrective shoes and, in some cases, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthopedic_surgery" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Orthopedic surgery - orthopedic surgery . https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Guide-44" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [44] Portable https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventilator" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Ventilator - ventilators may be required to support breathing. Historically, a noninvasive, negative-pressure ventilator, more commonly called an https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_lung" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Iron lung - iron lung , was used to artificially maintain respiration during an acute polio infection until a person could breathe independently (generally about one to two weeks). Today, many polio survivors with permanent respiratory paralysis use modern https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biphasic_Cuirass_Ventilation" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Biphasic Cuirass Ventilation - jacket-type negative-pressure ventilators worn over the chest and abdomen. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Goldberg-64" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [64] Other https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_poliomyelitis#Historical_treatments" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="History of poliomyelitis - historical treatments for polio include https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrotherapy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Hydrotherapy - hydrotherapy , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrotherapy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Electrotherapy - electrotherapy , massage and passive motion exercises, and surgical treatments, such as tendon lengthening and nerve grafting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Henry1-16" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [16] Sister https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Kenny" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="Elizabeth Kenny - Elizabeth Kenny 's https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_polio#Kenny_regimen" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;" title="History of polio - Kenny regimen is now the hallmark for the treatment of paralytic polio. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#cite_note-Late2-65" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none; - [65] DJ One goal for early action has to be limiting further spread ! But also the best possible care may limit further risks... I do expect more countries may find polio-virus in sewage water...It is good they communicate that finding...so GP's/hospitals know there may be people with Polio-symptoms...
------------- We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them. ~Albert Einstein
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